Carbon fiber, nke a maara dị ka eze nke ihe ọhụrụ na narị afọ nke 21, bụ pearl na-egbuke egbuke na ihe.Carbon fiber (CF) bụ ụdị eriri inorganic nwere ihe karịrị 90% carbon ọdịnaya.A na-eji pyrolyzed pyrolyzed na carbonized na oke okpomọkụ iji mepụta ọkpụkpụ azụ carbon (viscose based, pitch based, polyacrylonitrile fibers, wdg).
Dị ka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke eriri agbasiri ike, eriri carbon nwere ihe eji arụ ọrụ na kemịkalụ mara mma.Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ nwere njirimara dị iche iche nke ihe carbon, kamakwa ọ nwere ịdị nro na nhazi nke eriri textile.Ya mere, a na-eji ya eme ihe na mbara igwe, akụrụngwa ike, njem ụgbọ njem, egwuregwu na ogige ntụrụndụ
Ibu dị arọ: dị ka ihe ọhụrụ atụmatụ atụmatụ na arụmọrụ dị mma, njupụta nke carbon fiber fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke magnesium na beryllium, ihe na-erughị 1/4 nke ígwè.Iji carbon fiber composite eme ihe dị ka ihe nhazi nwere ike ibelata ibu nhazi site na 30% - 40%.
Ike dị elu na modulu dị elu: ike kpọmkwem nke eriri carbon bụ 5 ugboro dị elu karịa nke ígwè na 4 ugboro dị elu karịa nke aluminum alloy;Modules akọwapụtara bụ oge 1.3-12.3 nke ihe nrụpụta ndị ọzọ.
Obere mgbasawanye ọnụọgụ: ọnụọgụ mgbasawanye thermal nke ọtụtụ eriri carbon adịghị mma na ụlọ okpomọkụ, 0 na 200-400 ℃, na naanị 1.5 na ihe na-erughị 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, ọ dịghị mfe ịgbasa na deform n'ihi nnukwu ọrụ. okpomọkụ.
Ezigbo nguzogide corrosion kemịkalụ: eriri carbon nwere ọdịnaya carbon dị ọcha dị elu, na carbon bụ otu n'ime ihe kemịkalụ kachasị kwụsiri ike, na-ebute arụmọrụ ya kwụsiri ike na gburugburu acid na alkali, nke enwere ike ịme ka ọ bụrụ ụdị ngwaahịa mgbochi corrosion kemịkalụ.
Ike ike ọgwụgwụ siri ike: nhazi nke eriri carbon kwụsiri ike.Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke netwọk polymer si kwuo, mgbe ọtụtụ nde cycles nke ule ike ọgwụgwụ nke nrụgide gasịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ njide ike nke ihe mejupụtara ahụ ka dị 60%, ebe nke ígwè bụ 40%, aluminum bụ 30%, na plastic fiber kwadoro naanị 20. % - 25%.
Ihe mejupụtara carbon fiber bụ ihe na-ewusi eriri carbon ike.Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike iji eriri carbon naanị ma rụọ otu ọrụ, ọ bụ ihe na-agbaji agbawa mgbe niile.Naanị mgbe ejikọtara ya na ihe matriks iji mepụta carbon fiber composite nwere ike inye egwuregwu ka mma maka akụrụngwa ya ma buru ibu karịa.
Enwere ike kewaa eriri carbon dịka akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka ụdị precursor, usoro nrụpụta na arụmọrụ
Dị ka ụdị nke precursor: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) dabeere, pitch dabeere (isotropic, mesophase);Isi viscose (isi cellulose, rayon base).N'ime ha, eriri carbon polyacrylonitrile (Pan) nke dabeere na ya na-anọ n'ọnọdụ bụ isi, na mmepụta ya bụ ihe karịrị 90% nke ngụkọta carbon fiber, ebe eriri carbon fiber dabeere na viscose na-erughị 1%.
Dị ka n'ichepụta ọnọdụ na ụzọ: carbon eriri (800-1600 ℃), graphite eriri (2000-3000 ℃), rụọ ọrụ carbon eriri, vepo toro carbon eriri.
Dị ka n'ibu Njirimara, ọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime izugbe ụdị na elu-arụmọrụ ụdị: ike nke n'ozuzu ụdị carbon eriri bụ banyere 1000MPa, na modulus bụ banyere 100GPa;Enwere ike kewaa ụdị arụmọrụ dị elu n'ụdị ike dị elu (ike 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) na ụdị dị elu (modul 300gpa ma ọ bụ karịa), n'etiti nke ike karịrị 4000mpa a na-akpọkwa ụdị ike dị elu, na modulus karịrị 450gpa bụ. akpọrọ ultra-high model.
Dị ka nha nke tow si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime obere akwa na nnukwu akwa: obere eriri carbon tow bụ 1K, 3K na 6K na mbido mbụ, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mepụta 12K na 24K, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mbara igwe, egwuregwu. na ogige ntụrụndụ.A na-akpọkarị eriri carbon n'elu 48K nnukwu eriri carbon tow, gụnyere 48K, 60K, 80K, wdg, nke a na-ejikarị na mpaghara mmepụta ihe.
Ike tensile na modul bụ isi ihe nrịbama abụọ iji nyochaa njirimara nke eriri carbon.Dabere na nke a, China promulgated mba ọkọlọtọ maka PAN dabeere carbon eriri (GB / t26752-2011) na 2011. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi na Toray zuru oke na-eduga uru na ụwa carbon eriri ụlọ ọrụ, ọtụtụ anụ ụlọ na-emepụta na-enwetakwa Toray's classification standards. dị ka ntụaka.
Ihe mgbochi 1.2 dị elu na-eweta uru agbakwunyere dị elu.Ịkwalite usoro na ịghọta mmepụta oke nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa nke ukwuu ma mụbaa arụmọrụ
1.2.1 ihe mgbochi teknụzụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị elu, mmepụta ihe mbụ bụ isi, yana carbonization na oxidation bụ isi.
Usoro mmepụta nke eriri carbon dị mgbagwoju anya, nke chọrọ ngwá ọrụ dị elu na nkà na ụzụ.Njikwa nke ziri ezi, okpomọkụ na oge nke njikọ ọ bụla ga-emetụta àgwà nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber aghọwo ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepụta carbon fiber kacha elu ugbu a n'ihi usoro nkwadebe ya dị mfe, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala na mkpofu atọ dị mma.Enwere ike iji mmanụ crude mee propane akụrụngwa bụ isi, yana agbụ ụlọ ọrụ PAN carbon fiber gụnyere usoro nrụpụta zuru oke site na ike mbụ ruo ngwa ngwa.
Mgbe edozichara propane site na mmanụ crude, a na-enweta propylene site na nhọrọ nke dehydrogenation catalytic (PDH) nke propane;
E nwetara Acrylonitrile site na ammoxidation nke propylene.E nwetara precursor Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) site na polymerization na spinning nke acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile bụ pre oxidized, carbonized na ala na elu okpomọkụ iji nweta carbon fiber, nke nwere ike ime ka carbon fiber fabric na carbon fiber prepreg maka mmepụta nke carbon fiber composites;
A na-ejikọta eriri carbon na resin, ceramics na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mepụta eriri carbon.N'ikpeazụ, a na-enweta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ maka ngwa mgbada site na usoro ịkpụzi dị iche iche;
Ogo na ọkwa arụmọrụ nke precursor na-ekpebi arụmọrụ ikpeazụ nke eriri carbon.Ya mere, ịkwalite ogo nke ngwọta ntụgharị na ịkwalite ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke ịkwadebe eriri carbon dị elu.
Dabere na "Nchọpụta usoro mmepụta nke polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber precursor", usoro ntụgharị na-agụnye edemede atọ: ịgba mmiri mmiri, ịgba akọrọ na ịgba mmiri mmiri.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ejikarị atụgharị mmiri na mmiri akọrọ na-emepụta polyacrylonitrile precursor n'ụlọ na ná mba ọzọ, n'ime nke ịgba mmiri mmiri bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Ntugharị mmiri na-ebu ụzọ wepụ ihe ngwọta na-agbagharị agbagharị site na oghere spinneret, na ngwọta ntụgharị na-abanye n'ime bath coagulation n'ụdị obere eruba.Usoro ntụgharị nke polyacrylonitrile spinning solution bụ na enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ntinye nke DMSO na ngwọta spinning na coagulation bath, na enwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti ntinye nke mmiri na coagulation bath na ngwọta polyacrylonitrile.N'okpuru mmekọrịta nke dị n'elu abụọ iche iche icheta, mmiri mmiri na-amalite ịgbasa n'ụzọ abụọ, na n'ikpeazụ condenses n'ime filaments site uka nnyefe, okpomọkụ nyefe, na-adọ equilibrium ije na ndị ọzọ usoro.
Na mmepụta nke precursor, ihe fọdụrụnụ nke DMSO, nha fiber, ike monofilament, modulus, elongation, ọdịnaya mmanụ na mmiri na-esi ísì ụtọ na-aghọ isi ihe na-emetụta àgwà nke precursor.N'iji ego DMSO fọdụrụnụ dị ka ihe atụ, ọ na-enwe mmetụta na njirimara pụtara ìhè nke precursor, cross-section state na CV uru nke ngwaahịa carbon fiber ikpeazụ.N'ịbụ nke dị ala nke DMSO fọdụrụnụ, ka arụmọrụ ngwaahịa dị elu.Na mmepụta, a na-ewepụ DMSO site na ịsacha, ya mere, otu esi ejikwa okpomọkụ ịsacha, oge, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro ịsa ahụ na-aghọ njikọ dị mkpa.
Precursor polyacrylonitrile dị elu kwesịrị inwe njirimara ndị a: njupụta dị elu, kristal dị elu, ike kwesịrị ekwesị, akụkụ okirikiri okirikiri, ntụpọ anụ ahụ na-adịchaghị mma, elu dị larịị na edo na usoro isi akpụkpọ anụ.
Njikwa okpomọkụ nke carbonization na oxidation bụ isi ihe.Carbonization na oxidation bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'imepụta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke carbon fiber sitere na precursor.N'ime usoro a, a ga-achịkwa izi ezi na oke okpomọkụ nke ọma, ma ọ bụghị ya, a ga-emetụta ike ike nke ngwaahịa fiber carbon, na ọbụna na-eduga na mgbaji waya.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): na usoro preoxidation, PAN precursor na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na nwayọọ oxidized site n'itinye ụfọdụ esemokwu na ikuku oxidizing, na-akpụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mgbanaka Ọdịdị na ndabere nke pan ogologo yinye, ka nweta nzube nke iguzogide ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu.
Carbonization (kacha ọkụ okpomọkụ adịghị ala karịa 1000 ℃): carbonization usoro kwesịrị ime na inert ikuku.N'oge mmalite nke carbonization, pan yinye agbaji na crosslinking mmeghachi omume na-amalite;Site na mmụba nke okpomọkụ, mmeghachi omume decomposition na-ekpo ọkụ na-amalite ịhapụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke obere gas molecule, na usoro graphite malitere ịmalite;Mgbe okpomọkụ ahụ mụbara n'ihu, ọdịnaya carbon mụbara ngwa ngwa na eriri carbon malitere ịmalite.
Graphitization (ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ n'elu 2000 ℃): graphitization abụghị usoro dị mkpa maka mmepụta eriri carbon, mana usoro nhọrọ.Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụ anya modul elastic nke dị elu nke eriri carbon, a chọrọ graphitization;Ọ bụrụ na a na-atụ anya ike dị elu nke eriri carbon, graphitization adịghị mkpa.Na graphitization usoro, elu okpomọkụ na-eme ka eriri na-etolite a mepụtara graphite ntupu Ọdịdị, na ihe owuwu na-ejikọta site na ịbịaru na-enweta ikpeazụ ngwaahịa.
Ihe mgbochi teknụzụ dị elu na-enye ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala nwere ọnụ ahịa agbakwunyere dị elu, ọnụahịa nke ihe mejupụtara ụgbọ elu dị okpukpu 200 karịa nke silk raw.N'ihi nnukwu ihe isi ike nke nkwadebe carbon fiber na usoro mgbagwoju anya, ka ngwaahịa ndị dị n'okpuru ala, na-abawanye uru agbakwunyere.Karịsịa n'ihi na elu-ọgwụgwụ carbon eriri composites eji na aerospace ubi, n'ihi na downstream ahịa nwere nnọọ nlezianya chọrọ na ya pụrụ ịdabere na nkwụsi ike, ngwaahịa price na-egosikwa a geometric multiple ibu tụnyere nkịtị carbon eriri.
Oge nzipu: Jul-22-2021